弹流润滑螺旋锥齿轮热摩擦行为分析

针对直升机主减速器中的高速重载螺旋锥齿轮,建立了点接触热弹流润滑分析数学模型,包括Reynolds方程、能量方程和膜厚方程等,采用数值方法求解弹流润滑状态下的齿面摩擦因数.模型中考虑了润滑油黏度和密度随压力、温度的变化,并通过轮齿承载接触分析(LTCA)获得齿面真实载荷和卷吸速度、相对滑动速度等运动学变量.基于真实齿面点建立了螺旋锥齿轮单齿模型,考虑滑动摩擦生热和不同表面上的热边界条件,通过有限元稳态热分析和瞬态热分析得到了轮齿本体温度场和接触点瞬时闪温,并与现有文献和算例齿轮台架试验结果进行对比.      

Effects of temperature distribution and level on heat transfer on a rotating free disk

In gas turbine engines, with the existence of the intense forced convection and significant buoyancy effects, temperature distribution and level on turbine or compressor disks affect the heat transfer characteristics strongly. In this paper, numerical simulations were performed to analyze these influences for a free disk, with the laminar and turbulent flow respectively. The influences of temperature distribution on the heat transfer were observed by using incompressible cooling air, and temperature profiles of nth order monomial and polynomial were assumed on the disk. The analysis revealed that the heat transfer for two flow states on the free disk is determined by the exponent n of the monomial profile when specifying the rotating Reynolds number; for an arbitrary polynomial profile, the local Nusselt number can be deduced from results of monomial profiles. To study the effects of temperature level on heat transfer singly, monomial profiles were used and the local Nusselt number of compressible and incompressible cooling air were compared.And both for two flow states, the following conclusions could be drawn: the relative difference of local Nusselt number is mainly controlled by nondimensional local temperature difference, and almost independent of the monomial's coefficient C, exponent n and the rotating Reynolds number. Subsequently, a correction method for heat transfer of the free disk is presented and verified computationally, with which the local Nusselt number, obtained with a uniform and low temperature profile, can be revised by arbitrary distribution and high temperature magnitude.      

卫星热平衡试验的温度预测与仿真模型

为了解决卫星热平衡试验中涉及的温度预测与变工况仿真试验问题,建立起星载仪器温度变化的双层集总参数模型,这一动态特性模型采用简单的嵌套结构,模型参数可以方便地运用系统辨识算法从卫星热平衡试验数据中获取,应用这一模型可以对不同星载仪器的温度变化进行分别的预测与仿真计算,从而大大减少了温度预测与仿真工作的计算量.对比研究表明:温度预测与仿真计算的结果与实际热平衡试验的结果一致.     

射流襟翼-低压涡轮叶栅主动流动控制数值研究

针对PAK-B低压涡轮叶型,基于耦合了Langtry-Menter转捩模型的Menter's SSTk-ω两方程模型,数值研究了不同流动状态下射流襟翼的流动控制机理.计算结果表明,射流襟翼能够有效控制PAK-B叶型失速流动状态下的损失,当射流流量百分数为2%,能量损失系数较无射流襟翼控制状态时下降40%;同时,气流转折角增大5%;影响并使主流进口质量流量减小10%,对于叶型未失速流动,控制不一定有效.结果还表明,射流襟翼能够推迟相邻叶型吸力面边界层转捩,从而延迟分离流动再附.      

Breakdown过程长度及其前后边界层名义厚度的变化

采用数值模拟的方法,模拟了平板边界层的转捩过程及发展的湍流,在此基础上,研究了不同初始扰动对转捩持续时间和湍流边界层厚度影响的共性和差异.研究结果表明:在不同的波数情况下,计算得到不同的初始扰动引起的转捩的持续时间不同.在给定基本波数情况下,如果初始扰动在展向不是对称的,那么,它们引起的转捩后平均边界层厚度与转捩起始点处边界层厚度的比值δ_e/δ_b在相当长的时间内表现出相同的增长规律,这一增长规律与所加的初始扰动无关.然而,展向是非对称的表现出不同增长规律.      

缓燃向爆震转捩过程中火焰和压力波发展规律试验

为了解缓燃向爆震转捩(DDT)过程,在60mm×60mm,长2m的方形爆震管内,利用高速摄影和高频压力传感器试验研究了4种余气系数下氢气/空气混合气燃烧时的火焰和压力波演变规律.结果表明:缓燃向爆震转捩经历了缓燃、爆燃、在壁面产生热点、形成爆震中心和稳定爆震5个阶段,缓燃、爆燃和爆震的火焰传播速度分别为0～15m/s,500～1000m/s和1800～2000m/s.压力传感器获得的时序图和对应峰值压力的变化规律也验证了上述过程:在压力传感器测试区间(850～1200mm)内,压力峰值从1.5MPa先跃升到7MPa上下,然后下降稳定在2～3MPa.据压力时序图算得的爆震波传播速度与高速摄影获得的火焰传播速度一致.      

真空铝钎焊过程温度场的有限元数值仿真

提出了一个描述真空铝钎焊炉温度场的非线性有限元模型,该模型综合考虑了辐射传热、材料热物性随温度变化等非线性因素的影响.利用有限元软件ICEPAK和FLUENT对卧式真空铝钎焊炉的温度场进行了模拟计算.对炉温均匀性进行了验证,完成了焊接生产模拟件的数值仿真和实验测量,模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好.     

离子辅助沉积Al膜层增强Ti811钛合金高温微动疲劳抗力

为提高Ti811钛合金高温微动疲劳抗力,利用离子辅助沉积技术在Ti811钛合金表面制备Al膜层。对比研究多弧离子镀(MIP)和离子辅助多弧沉积(IAD)Al膜层的膜基界面成分分布、膜基结合强度、显微硬度、摩擦学性能。探讨IAD铝膜层对Ti811合金微动疲劳抗力的影响。结果表明,利用离子辅助多弧沉积技术可以获得膜基结合强度高、硬度低、减摩润滑性能好的Al膜层,该膜层能够显著提高Ti811钛合金350℃时的微动疲劳抗力。     

沉积温度及走丝速度对SiC纤维拉伸强度和B4C涂层厚度、表面形貌的影响

采用CVD工艺在W芯SiC纤维表面涂覆B4C涂层,通过扫描电镜和纤维拉伸测试研究沉积温度和走丝速度对W芯SiC纤维拉伸强度和B4C涂层厚度、表面形貌的影响规律。结果表明,在1100℃以下不能获得B4C涂层。在一定的涂层参数下,可以获得与W芯SiC纤维的拉伸强度最接近(达3339MPa)的带B4C涂层的SiC纤维。且在其他涂层参数不变的情况下,为优化工艺参数,应符合沉积温度>1210℃时,走丝速度>0.055m/s;或沉积温度<1210℃时,走丝速度<0.055m/s。沉积温度影响SiC纤维的拉伸强度和B4C涂层厚度、表面形貌,走丝速度影响SiC纤维的拉伸强度和B4C涂层厚度。     

Temperature effects in the ATIC BGO calorimeter

The Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter (ATIC) Balloon Experiment had a successful test flight and a science flight in 2000–01 and 2002–03 and an unsuccessful launch in 2005–06 from McMurdo, Antarctica, returning 16 and 19 days of flight data. ATIC is designed to measure the spectra of cosmic rays (protons to iron). The instrument is composed of a Silicon matrix detector followed by a carbon target interleaved with scintillator tracking layers and a segmented BGO calorimeter composed of 320 individual crystals totaling 18 radiation lengths to determine the particle energy. BGO (Bismuth Germanate) is an inorganic scintillation crystal and its light output depends not only on the energy deposited by particles but also on the temperature of the crystal. The temperature of balloon instruments during flight is not constant due to sun angle variations as well as differences in albedo from the ground. The change in output for a given energy deposit in the crystals in response to temperature variations was determined.